1. Acknowledgments
  2. Intellectual property rights

Acknowledgments

Thanks to Tim Berners-Lee for inventing HTML, without which none of this would exist.

Thanks to Aankhen, Aaqa Ishtyaq, Aaron Boodman, Aaron Leventhal, Aaron Krajeski, Abhishek Ghaskata, Abhishek Gupta, Adam Barth, Adam de Boor, Adam Hepton, Adam Klein, Adam Rice, Adam Roben, Addison Phillips, Adele Peterson, Adrian Bateman, Adrian Roselli, Adrian Sutton, Agustín Fernández, Aharon (Vladimir) Lanin, Ajai Tirumali, Ajay Poshak, Akatsuki Kitamura, Alan Plum, Alastair Campbell, Alejandro G. Castro, Alex Bishop, Alex Nicolaou, Alex Nozdriukhin, Alex Rousskov, Alex Soncodi, Alexander Farkas, Alexander J. Vincent, Alexandre Dieulot, Alexandre Morgaut, Alexey Feldgendler, Алексей Проскуряков (Alexey Proskuryakov), Alexey Shvayka, Alexis Deveria, Alfred Agrell, Ali Juma, Alice Boxhall, Alice Wonder, Allan Clements, Allen Wirfs-Brock, Alex Komoroske, Alex Russell, Alphan Chen, Aman Ansari, Ami Fischman, Amos Jeffries, Amos Lim, Anders Carlsson, André Bargull, André E. Veltstra, Andrea Rendine, Andreas, Andreas Deuschlinger, Andreas Kling, Andrei Popescu, Andres Gomez, Andres Rios, Andreu Botella, Andrew Barfield, Andrew Clover, Andrew Gove, Andrew Grieve, Andrew Macpherson, Andrew Oakley, Andrew Paseltiner, Andrew Simons, Andrew Smith, Andrew W. Hagen, Andrew Williams, Andrey V. Lukyanov, Andry Rendy, Andy Davies, Andy Earnshaw, Andy Heydon, Andy Paicu, Andy Palay, Anjana Vakil, Ankur Kaushal, Anna Belle Leiserson, Anna Sidwell, Anthony Boyd, Anthony Bryan, Anthony Hickson, Anthony Ramine, Anthony Ricaud, Anton Vayvod, Antonio Sartori, Antti Koivisto, Arfat Salman, Arkadiusz Michalski, Arne Thomassen, Aron Spohr, Arphen Lin, Arthur Sonzogni, Arthur Stolyar, Arun Patole, Aryeh Gregor, Asbjørn Ulsberg, Ashley Gullen, Ashley Sheridan, Atsushi Takayama, Attila Haraszti, Aurelien Levy, Ave Wrigley, Avi Drissman, Axel Dahmen, 방성범 (Bang Seongbeom), Ben Boyle, Ben Godfrey, Ben Golightly, Ben Kelly, Ben Lerner, Ben Leslie, Ben Meadowcroft, Ben Millard, Benjamin Carl Wiley Sittler, Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis, Benji Bilheimer, Benoit Ren, Bert Bos, Bijan Parsia, Bil Corry, Bill Mason, Bill McCoy, Billy Wong, Billy Woods, Bjartur Thorlacius, Björn Höhrmann, Blake Frantz, Bob Lund, Bob Owen, Bobby Holley, Boris Zbarsky, Brad Fults, Brad Neuberg, Brad Spencer, Bradley Meck, Brady Eidson, Brandon Jones, Brendan Eich, Brenton Simpson, Brett Wilson, Brett Zamir, Brian Birtles, Brian Blakely, Brian Campbell, Brian Korver, Brian Kuhn, Brian M. Dube, Brian Ryner, Brian Smith, Brian Wilson, Bryan Sullivan, Bruce Bailey, Bruce D'Arcus, Bruce Lawson, Bruce Miller, Bugs Nash, C. Scott Ananian, C. Williams, Cameron McCormack, Cameron Zemek, Cao Yipeng, Carlos Amengual, Carlos Gabriel Cardona, Carlos Ibarra López, Carlos Perelló Marín, Carolyn MacLeod, Casey Leask, Cătălin Badea, Cătălin Mariș, Cem Turesoy, ceving, Chao Cai, 윤석찬 (Channy Yun), Charl van Niekerk, Charlene Wright, Charles Iliya Krempeaux, Charles McCathie Nevile, Charlie Reis, 白丞祐 (Cheng-You Bai), Chris Apers, Chris Cressman, Chris Dumez, Chris Evans, Chris Harrelson, Chris Markiewicz, Chris Morris, Chris Nardi, Chris Needham, Chris Pearce, Chris Peterson, Chris Rebert, Chris Weber, Chris Wilson, Christian Biesinger, Christian Johansen, Christian Schmidt, Christoph Päper, Christophe Dumez, Christopher Aillon, Christopher Cameron, Christopher Ferris, Chriswa, Clark Buehler, Cole Robison, Colin Fine, Collin Jackson, Corey Farwell, Corprew Reed, Craig Cockburn, Csaba Gabor, Csaba Marton, Cynthia Shelly, Cyrille Tuzi, Daksh Shah, Dan Callahan, Dan Yoder, Dane Foster, Daniel Barclay, Daniel Bratell, Daniel Brooks, Daniel Brumbaugh Keeney, Daniel Buchner, Daniel Cheng, Daniel Clark, Daniel Davis, Daniel Ehrenberg, Daniel Glazman, Daniel Holbert, Daniel Peng, Daniel Schattenkirchner, Daniel Spång, Daniel Steinberg, Daniel Tan, Daniel Trebbien, Danny Sullivan, Daphne Preston-Kendal, Darien Maillet Valentine, Darin Adler, Darin Fisher, Darxus, Dave Camp, Dave Cramer, Dave Hodder, Dave Lampton, Dave Singer, Dave Tapuska, Dave Townsend, David Baron, David Bloom, David Bruant, David Carlisle, David E. Cleary, David Egan Evans, David Fink, David Flanagan, David Gerard, David Grogan, David Håsäther, David Hyatt, David I. Lehn, David John Burrowes, David Matja, David Remahl, David Resseguie, David Smith, David Storey, David Vest, David Woolley, David Zbarsky, Dave Methvin, DeWitt Clinton, Dean Edridge, Dean Edwards, Dean Jackson, Debi Orton, Delan Azabani, Derek Featherstone, Derek Guenther, Devarshi Pant, Devdatta, Devin Rousso, Diego Ferreiro Val, Diego González Zúñiga , Diego Ponce de León, Dimitri Glazkov, Dimitry Golubovsky, Dirk Pranke, Dirk Schulze, Dirkjan Ochtman, Divya Manian, Dmitry Lazutkin, Dmitry Titov, dolphinling, Dominic Cooney, Dominic Farolino, Dominique Hazaël-Massieux, Don Brutzman, Donovan Glover, Doron Rosenberg, Doug Kramer, Doug Simpkinson, Drew Wilson, Edgar Chen, Edmund Lai, Eduard Pascual, Eduardo Vela, Edward Welbourne, Edward Z. 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Rosmaita, Gregory Terzian, Grey, Guilherme Johansson Tramontina, guest271314, Gytis Jakutonis, Håkon Wium Lie, Habib Virji, Hajime Morrita, Hallvord Reiar Michaelsen Steen, Hanna Laakso, Hans S. Tømmerhalt, Hans Stimer, Harald Alvestrand, Hayato Ito, 何志翔 (HE Zhixiang), Henri Sivonen, Henrik Lied, Henry Lewis, Henry Mason, Henry Story, Hermann Donfack Zeufack, 中川博貴 (Hiroki Nakagawa), Hiroshige Hayashizaki, Hiroyuki USHITO, Hitoshi Yoshida, Hongchan Choi, 王华 (Hua Wang), Hugh Bellamy, Hugh Guiney, Hugh Winkler, Ian Bicking, Ian Clelland, Ian Davis, Ian Fette, Ian Henderson, Ian Kilpatrick, Ibrahim Ahmed, Ido Green, Ignacio Javier, Igor Oliveira, 安次嶺 一功 (Ikko Ashimine), Ingvar Stepanyan, isonmad, Iurii Kucherov, Ivan Enderlin, Ivan Nikulin, Ivan Panchenko, Ivo Emanuel Gonçalves, J. King, J.C. 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Korpela, Jules Clément-Ripoche, Julian Reschke, Julio Lopez, 小勝 純 (Jun Kokatsu), Jun Yang (harttle), Jungkee Song, Jürgen Jeka, Justin Lebar, Justin Novosad, Justin Rogers, Justin Schuh, Justin Sinclair, Juuso Lapinlampi, Ka-Sing Chou, Kagami Sascha Rosylight, Kai Hendry, Kaleidea, Kamishetty Sreeja, 呂康豪 (KangHao Lu), Karl Dubost, Karl Tomlinson, Kartik Arora, Kartikaya Gupta, 葛依寧 (Kat Hackett), Kathy Walton, 河童エクマ(Kawarabe Ecma) Keith Rollin, Keith Yeung, Kelly Ford, Kelly Norton, Ken Russell, Kenji Baheux, Kevin Benson, Kevin Cole, Kevin Gadd, Kevin Venkiteswaran, Kinuko Yasuda, Koji Ishii, Kornél Pál, Kornel Lesinski, 上野 康平 (UENO, Kouhei), Kris Northfield, Kristof Zelechovski, Krzysztof Maczyński, 黒澤剛志 (Kurosawa Takeshi), Kyle Barnhart, Kyle Hofmann, Kyle Huey, Léonard Bouchet, Léonie Watson, Lachlan Hunt, Larry Masinter, Larry Page, Lars Gunther, Lars Solberg, Laura Carlson, Laura Granka, Laura L. Carlson, Laura Wisewell, Laurens Holst, Lawrence Forooghian, Lee Kowalkowski, Leif Halvard Silli, Leif Kornstaedt, Lenny Domnitser, Leonard Rosenthol, Leons Petrazickis, Liviu Tinta, Lobotom Dysmon, Logan, Loune, Lucas Gadani, Łukasz Pilorz, Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton, Maciej Stachowiak, Magne Andersson, Magnus Kristiansen, Maik Merten, Majid Valipour, Malcolm Rowe, Manish Goregaokar, Manish Tripathi, Manuel Martinez-Almeida, Manuel Rego Casasnovas, Marc Hoyois, Marc-André Choquette, Marc-André Lafortune, Marco Zehe, Marcus Bointon, Marijn Kruisselbrink, Mark Amery, Mark Birbeck, Mark Davis, Mark Green, Mark Miller, Mark Nottingham, Mark Pilgrim, Mark Rogers, Mark Rowe, Mark Schenk, Mark Vickers, Mark Wilton-Jones, Markus Stange, Martijn van der Ven, Martijn Wargers, Martin Atkins, Martin Chaov, Martin Dürst, Martin Honnen, Martin Janecke, Martin Kutschker, Martin Nilsson, Martin Thomson, Masataka Yakura, Masatoshi Kimura, Mason Freed, Mason Mize, Mathias Bynens, Mathieu Henri, Matias Larsson, Matt Brubeck, Matt Di Pasquale, Matt Falkenhagen, Matt Schmidt, Matt Wright, Matthew Gregan, Matthew Mastracci, Matthew Noorenberghe, Matthew Raymond, Matthew Thomas, Matthew Tylee Atkinson, Mattias Waldau, Max Romantschuk, Maxim Tsoy, Mayeul Cantan, Menachem Salomon, Menno van Slooten, Micah Dubinko, Michael 'Ratt' Iannarelli, Michael A. 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J. Crowder, Tab Atkins-Bittner, Taiju Tsuiki, Takashi Toyoshima, Takayoshi Kochi, Takeshi Yoshino, Tantek Çelik, 田村健人 (Kent TAMURA), Taylor Hunt, Ted Mielczarek, Terence Eden, Terrence Wood, Tetsuharu OHZEKI, Theresa O'Connor, Thijs van der Vossen, Thomas Broyer, Thomas Koetter, Thomas O'Connor, Tim Altman, Tim Dresser, Tim Johansson, Tim Nguyen, Tim Perry, Tim van der Lippe, TJ VanToll, Tobias Schneider, Tobie Langel, Toby Inkster, Todd Moody, Tom Baker, Tom Pike, Tom Schuster, Tom ten Thij, Tomasz Jakut, Tomek Wytrębowicz, Tommy Thorsen, Tony Ross, Tooru Fujisawa, Toru Kobayashi, Travis Leithead, Trevor Rowbotham, Trevor Saunders, Trey Eckels, triple-underscore, Tristan Fraipont, 保呂 毅 (Tsuyoshi Horo), Tyler Close, Valentin Gosu, Vardhan Gupta, Veli Şenol, Victor Carbune, Victor Costan, Vipul Snehadeep Chawathe, Vitya Muhachev, Vlad Levin, Vladimir Katardjiev, Vladimir Vukićević, Vyacheslav Aristov, voracity, Walter Steiner, Wakaba, Wayne Carr, Wayne Pollock, Wellington Fernando de Macedo, Weston Ruter, Wilhelm Joys Andersen, Will Levine, Will Ray, William Chen, William Swanson, Willy Martin Aguirre Rodriguez, Wladimir Palant, Wojciech Mach, Wolfram Kriesing, Xan Gregg, xenotheme, XhmikosR, Xida Chen, Xidorn Quan, Xue Fuqiao, Yang Chen, Yao Xiao, Yash Handa, Yay295, Ye-Kui Wang, Yehuda Katz, Yi Xu, Yi-An Huang, Yngve Nysaeter Pettersen, Yoav Weiss, Yonathan Randolph, Yu Huojiang, Yury Delendik, 平野裕 (Yutaka Hirano), Yuzo Fujishima, Zhenbin Xu, 张智强 (Zhiqiang Zhang), Zoltan Herczeg, and Øistein E. Andersen, for their useful comments, both large and small, that have led to changes to this specification over the years.

Thanks also to everyone who has ever posted about HTML to their blogs, public mailing lists, or forums, including all the contributors to the various W3C HTML WG lists and the various WHATWG lists.

Special thanks to Richard Williamson for creating the first implementation of canvas in Safari, from which the canvas feature was designed.

Special thanks also to the Microsoft employees who first implemented the event-based drag-and-drop mechanism, contenteditable, and other features first widely deployed by the Windows Internet Explorer browser.

Thanks to the participants of the microdata usability study for allowing us to use their mistakes as a guide for designing the microdata feature.

Thanks to the many sources that provided inspiration for the examples used in the specification.

Thanks also to the Microsoft blogging community for some ideas, to the attendees of the W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents for inspiration, to the #mrt crew, the #mrt.no crew, and the #whatwg crew, and to Pillar and Hedral for their ideas and support.

Thanks to Igor Zhbanov for generating PDF versions of the specification.

Special thanks to the RICG for developing the picture element and related features; in particular thanks to Adrian Bateman, Bruce Lawson, David Newton, Ilya Grigorik, John Schoenick, Leon de Rijke, Mat Marquis, Marcos Cáceres, Tab Atkins, Theresa O'Connor, and Yoav Weiss for their contributions.

Special thanks to the WPWG for incubating the custom elements feature. In particular, thanks to David Hyatt and Ian Hickson for their influence through the XBL specifications, Dimitri Glazkov for the first draft of the custom elements specification, and to Alex Komoroske, Alex Russell, Andres Rios, Boris Zbarsky, Brian Kardell, Daniel Buchner, Dominic Cooney, Erik Arvidsson, Elliott Sprehn, Hajime Morrita, Hayato Ito, Jan Miksovsky, Jonas Sicking, Olli Pettay, Rafael Weinstein, Roland Steiner, Ryosuke Niwa, Scott Miles, Steve Faulkner, Steve Orvell, Tab Atkins, Theresa O'Connor, Tim Perry, and William Chen for their contributions.

Special thanks to the CSSWG for developing the worklets. In particular, thanks to Ian Kilpatrik for his work as editor of the original worklets specification.

For about ten years starting in 2003, this standard was almost entirely written by Ian Hickson (Google, ian@hixie.ch). More recently, Simon Pieters (Bocoup, zcorpan@gmail.com), Anne van Kesteren (Mozilla, annevk@annevk.nl), Philip Jägenstedt (Google, philip@foolip.org), and Domenic Denicola (Google, d@domenic.me), all previously long-time contributors, have joined Ian in editing the text directly.

Intellectual property rights

The image of the wolf in the embedded content introduction is based on a photo by Barry O'Neill. (Public domain)

The image of the kettlebell swing in the embedded content introduction is based on a photo by kokkarina. (CC0 1.0)

The Blue Robot Player sprite used in the canvas demo is based on a work by JohnColburn. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

The photograph of robot 148 climbing the tower at the FIRST Robotics Competition 2013 Silicon Valley Regional is based on a work by Lenore Edman. (CC BY 2.0)

The diagram showing how async and defer impact script loading is based on a similar diagram from a blog post by Peter Beverloo. (CC0 1.0)

The image decoding demo used to demonstrate module-based workers draws on some example code from a tutorial by Ilmari Heikkinen. (CC BY 3.0)

The <flag-icon> example was inspired by a custom element by Steven Skelton. (MIT)

Part of the revision history of the picture element and related features can be found in the ResponsiveImagesCG/picture-element repository, which is available under the W3C Software and Document License.

Part of the revision history of the theme-color metadata name can be found in the whatwg/meta-theme-color repository, which is available under CC0.

Part of the revision history of the custom elements feature can be found in the w3c/webcomponents repository, which is available under the W3C Software and Document License.

Part of the revision history of the innerText getter and setter can be found in the rocallahan/innerText-spec repository, which is available under CC0.

Part of the revision history of the worklets feature can be found in the w3c/css-houdini-drafts repository, which is available under the W3C Software and Document License.

Copyright © WHATWG (Apple, Google, Mozilla, Microsoft). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To the extent portions of it are incorporated into source code, such portions in the source code are licensed under the BSD 3-Clause License instead.